Mariah Ripley
Kurt Rowley Bridge US History 10 January 2018 The American Promise A History of the United States From New Era to Great Depression 1920-1932 Pg. 683-713. Return to 'normalcy': the 1920s 1920 end of progressive policies. Return to laissez faire. doughboys return home-a mess. Harding, Coolidge, Hoover The 3 republicans in white house presidents during the 1920's. 1920-1932 all 3 branches of gov dominated by republicans. Hand chosen candidates of the republican base. Warren Harding Ohio senator elected easily. Harding's administration is bad, spoil system, corrupt activities. Doesn't survive first couple years in office. Ohio Gang and Teapot Dome Ohio gang are the buddies of harding, he trusted others to make decision, teapot dome scandal was when albert fall (secretary of the interior) transferred oil reserves in Wyoming and sold them, he pocketed the money, however they were being reserved for the navy. Harding mis trusted. Calvin Coolidge steps in office until 1928, a man of few words, not involved, does not run for office again. Herbert Hoover elected in 1928, a great engineer. had an ignorance is bliss approach. conservative politics. Kellogg-Briand pact-50 nations 'outlaw war' Nearly 50 nations signed the solemn pledge to renounce war and settle international disputes peacefully, outlaw war. nickname the 'international kiss', a pact, kind gesture. 18th Amendment/Prohibition 1919; prohibition law; illegal to make, transport, or sell alcohol in the United States. only amendment to ever be repealed. created 10,000-30,000 speakeasies in NYC. ushers in mafia, Elliott Ness. liquor still made, no tax benefits. By 1932 president promises to repeal amendment (FDR) Harlem Renaissance A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished. First speakeasies emerge in Harlem, NY. Jazz is birthed in the 20's in Harlem. Jazz transforms nation and creates cottage industries. Ushers in dance-the charleston. Defines the era. African American musicians emerge. Jazz and Flappers Jazz changed the era. Flappers were women who danced freely to jazz doing the charleston. created a 'new women' 1924 National Origins Act Severely restricted immigration by establishing a system of national quotas that blatantly discriminated against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and virtually excluded Asians from entry into America. Basing numbers on the census of 1890. Immigration cut in half. Discrimination, not changed until 1965. Speaks volumes about era. 1921 Washington Naval Conference Dominate world leaders from the most powerful nations met in America. Talk about limiting navy fleets, no more building new weapons. Every nation promised they wouldn't build. Japan doesn't follow agreement. Scopes 'Monkey' Trial A Tennessee school teacher John Scopes breaking the Butler act where no one was allowed to teach the theory of evolution in any public science class in state. Wanted to teach creationism instead of evolution. Huge trial, many people during the 20's supported creationism. Scopes found guilty. trial serves as a 1920's disclosure. Origins of the Great Depression Factories running 24/7,Warehouses are built, Dawes plan, farming gets bad, any american could by stock, government is stepping away, stock market not regulated. stock market crashes in one day. no fed regulation. everybody lost, 25% unemployment. 250,000 youth live in trains The Dawes Plan American investors loaned Germany 2.5 billion to pay back Britain and France with annual payments on a fixed scale. Then those countries paid the US back, thus the US arranged to be repaid with its own money. Hoover-Hoovervilles; Hoover Blankets Hoover decides not to act on depression. Thinks it will sort itself out. Hoovervilles were shantytowns that sprung up on the edges of America's cities. Newspapers were used as a cover by those sleeping in the streets called "hoover blankets." No food. R.F.C A step by government to acknowledge there is a problem. Asks congress to put aside millions of dollars to help America recover. Good approach step toward remedy. Langston Hughes African American poet who described the rich culture of african American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance. Works Cited Roark, James L., et al. The American promise: a history of the United States. Bedford/St. Martins, 2012. Chapter 23 From New Era to Great Depression 1920-1932 Golden, Michelle, and wikiHow. “How to Do a Chapter Outline.” WikiHow, WikiHow, 3 Dec. 2017, www.wikihow.com/Do-a-Chapter-Outline.
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